Theoretical Background of Accounting: Definition of accounting and bookkeeping, Role of accounting and bookkeeping in business, History and development of accounting, the nature and scope of Accounting and a brief introduction of various aspect of the accounting profession; cost and management accounting, financial management, auditing and taxation. Functions of Accountants, functions of Accounting and its relationships with information system of organization, Regulatory and Legal framework of Accounting: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Accounting principles, assumptions, concepts and conventions, double entry method. Accounting Standards; International Accounting Standard (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), issuing bodies International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), Financial Reporting Standards of Nigeria (FRCON), professional accounting bodies, accounting bases and methods, accounting policy.

Introduces Students to Basic Mathematics Concept and Principles: Topics Covered Include Mathematical and Symbolic Logic; Inductive and Deductive Systems. Concepts of Sets: Mapping and Transformation; Introduction to Complex Numbers; Introduction to Vectors; Etc.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the basic concepts of economics, the fundamentals of demand, supply and elasticity’s and main issues in the theories of production and costs. It also covers the different types of business organizations.

Effective communication and writing in English, Language skills, writing of essay answers, Comprehension, Sentence construction, Outlines and paragraphs, Collection and organization of materials and logical presentation, Punctuation etc.

A brief survey of the main branches of Philosophy Symbolic Logic Special symbols in symbolic Logic-conjunction, negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalent and conditional statements law of tort. The method of deduction using rules of inference and bi-conditionals qualification theory. Types of discourse, Nature or arguments, Validity and soundness; Techniques for evaluating arguments; Distinction between inductive and deductive inferences; etc. (Illustrations will be taken from familiar texts, Including literature materials, Novels, Law reports and newspaper publications).

Nature, Scope and uses of political science; Politics defined; Political Science and other social sciences; Major Concepts of Political Science e.g. Nation, State, Sovereignty etc. Use of Political Science; Nature and Functions of government; Organs of government; Types of government. Government and Law; Constitutions – Nature and types: Rules of Law, Nature, Assumptions and breaches; Nature of Delegated legislation, advantages and disadvantages; Discretionary power; Separation of powers; Political parties – nature and theories; Nature and functions of Public Administration; The Nigerian Civil Service and national development; International Relations; Foreign Policy – nature and functions.

Examination of topics covered in Basic Accounting 1 on a weekly basis. Examinations are divided into two parts of 50% each. Part A is multiple choice questions, subjective and short answers questions which will examine the theoretical aspects of topic covered during a particular week. Part B will involve two qualitative questions of 25 marks each. Workshops are expected to commence two weeks after lectures have started and end at least two weeks before the examination commences. A total of at least 10 workshops are supposed to be conducted in a semester. Grading system of the workshop: An average of student’s best seven workshops in a semester is used to assess the students’ grade. The teacher is expected to submit the mark sheet and working spread sheet.

Control Accounts: Sales/Debtors/Trade Receivable ledger control accounts Purchases/Creditors/Trade Payable Ledger control accounts Single entries and incomplete records: Statement of affairs, control accounts for sales, purchases and expenses, statement of financial positions. Accounts of not-for-profit making organizations: Clubs and associations, hospitals etc. receipt and payment account, Statement of affairs, income and expenditure account, final accounts of nonprofit organizations in business. Manufacturing accounts: Manufacturing accounts, and manufacturing Income Statement, and Statement of Financial Positions. Partnership Account: Definition of partnership; types of partners and formation of partnership; partnership act; partnership Income and Expenditure accounts, appropriation account; statement of financial positions of partnership business; current account; capital account.

The knowledge of legal system, Nature and function of law, classification of law, sources of Nigerian Law; legislations, judicial precedents, case law, customary law, Islamic law, English common law and doctrine of equity; reception and application of English law in Nigeria. Internal Conflicts; Different customary law/Islamic law, English law and customary law, English law and Islamic Law. Judicial institutions; the role of the judiciary, the history of development of the courts. Types and jurisdiction of courts; customary and Area Courts, Magistrate and District Courts, Courts of Record, Special Courts, Sharia Courts Customary Courts of Appeal, Tribunals (Excluding Commission of Inquiry). Judicial personnel appointment and tenure outline of civil and criminal procedure in Nigeria. Legal Aid and advice development and future of law in Nigeria. The organization of legal education and legal profession in Nigeria.

Computer Systems Meaning of Computer, Historical development of Computer Systems, types and generation of computers, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of computer. Components of Computer Hardware Fundamentals: Block diagram of basic components of a computer system showing input, CPU, Output, secondary storage. Input devices: Types and their appropriate uses. Output devices: types and their appropriate uses. Storage Media types: magnetic and optical discs, and their uses. Central Processing Unit (CPU): composition, functions and processing powers. Software Fundamentals: Definition, types of software- system software, application software and operating software. Application Software-Definition, Criteria for selecting application packages, sources of application packages. Examples and functions of: operating systems (OS), utility programs, language processors, editors. Types of operating systems used for: single user, multiuser and networking and window based environment. Software Suite and Integrated packages (e.g. Database, word processing, spreadsheet, PowerPoint, etc.): Features, advantages and disadvantages.

Designed to Introduce the Beginning Students to the Field of Business Management, The Concept and the Terminology of Management; The Scope of Business; The Character of Business from Social, Legal and Economic Perspective; Forms of Ownership; Organization and Management; Marketing; Production; Finance and Accounting Functions; Government and Business Etc. The Course also stretches to Consider Special Issues such as Social Responsibility of Business; and Problems of Nigeria Business Enterprises.

Advance Further Mathematics Concepts and their Application to the Business Decision Making. Topics Covered Include Matrix and Determinants, Discrete and Continuous Variable; The Straight Line in Various Forms, The Circle, Trigonometric Functions, Logarithmic Functions, Exponential Functions; Maxima and Point of Inflexion, Integral Calculus, and Integration by Substitution and by Parts, Expansion of Algebraic Functions Simple Sequence and Series.

Macroeconomic issues of national income, foreign trade, economic policies and some international institutions such as ECOWAS and OPEC are discussed with special reference to Nigeria.

Brief history of libraries, Library and education, University libraries and other types of libraries, Study skills (reference services). Types of library materials, using library resources including e-learning, e-materials; etc, Understanding library catalogues (card, OPAC, etc) and classification, Copyright and its implications, Database resources, Bibliographic citations and referencing. Development of modern ICT, Hardware technology Software technology, Input devices, Storage devices, Output devices, Communication and internet services, Word processing skills (typing, etc).

Introduction to Arabic Alphabets and Writing Systems, Elementary Conversational Drills, Basic Reading Skills, Sentence Construction in Arabic.

Nature, Scope and uses of political science; Politics defined; Political Science and other social sciences; Major Concepts of Political Science e.g. Nation, State, Sovereignty etc. Use of Political Science; Nature and Functions of government; Organs of government; Types of government. Government and Law; Constitutions – Nature and types: Rules of Law, Nature, Assumptions and breaches; Nature of Delegated legislation, advantages and disadvantages; Discretionary power; Separation of powers; Political parties – nature and theories; Nature and functions of Public Administration; The Nigerian Civil Service and national development; International Relations; Foreign Policy – nature and functions.

Examination of topics covered in Basic Accounting 1 on a weekly basis. Examinations are divided into two parts of 50% each. Part A is multiple choice questions, subjective and short answers questions which will examine the theoretical aspects of topic covered during a particular week. Part B will involve two qualitative questions of 25 marks each. Workshops are expected to commence two weeks after lectures have started and end at least two weeks before the examination commences. A total of at least 10 workshops are supposed to be conducted in a semester. Grading system of the workshop: An average of student’s best seven workshops in a semester is used to assess the students’ grade. The teacher is expected to submit the mark sheet and working spread sheet.

Review of Basic Accounting: Advanced final accounts of sole trader, Preparation of final accounts of companies from the trial balance, Depreciation methods and their effects on income statement and statement of financial position, stock valuation methods and their effect on profit.
Partnership Accounts: Goodwill, admission of partners, retirement of partners, removal and death of partners, change of profit sharing ratio and revaluation of assets.

Examination of topics covered in Financial Accounting I&II on a weekly basis. Examinations are divided into two parts of 50% each. Part A is MCQ, subjective and short-answer questions, which will examine the theoretical aspects of topics covered during a particular week, Part B will involve two quantitative questions of 25 marks each. Workshops are expected to commence two weeks after resumption and end at least two weeks before the semester examination commences. A total of at least 10 workshops are supposed to be conducted, grading system of the workshop: an average of a student’s best seven workshops in a semester is used to assess the student’s performance. The teacher is expected to submit the mark sheet and working papers by the end of every semester.

Practical Accounting Laboratory extends both the knowledge and skills developed in other areas of accounting learning across the career path of the students. It examines the fundamental principles underpinning practical experience of accounting and financial reporting providing learners with real world technical skills of accounting, including the preparation and interpretation of accounting electronic information. The course is to expose students to the practical application of accounting learning. At the end of this course student should be familiar with how the following accounting tools are used in real business environment:i. physical auditing working papers. ii. Filling of Tax assessment forms. iii. Identification and use of general payment voucher. iv. Physical ledger and journal specimen of organization. v. Hands-on application of accounting software such as Peachtree Complete Accounting (Best Software), QuickBooks Online (Intuit), Audit Commander SPSS and other statistical software.

Law of Contract: Nature of contract in relation to local and international businesses, essentials of a valid contract (offer, acceptance, consideration intention to create legal relations), capacity to contract, fundamental terms, contact in restraint of trade, exclusion clauses, mistakes, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, illegality, breach of contract and remedies for breach of contract such as damages, and specific performance, standard form contract, tort, agency, creation of commercial agency, effect of agent’s acts, duties of principal and agent, remedies for breach of duties, termination of agency, partnership, nature and types of partnership, partnership statutes, general and limited partnerships, terms of partnership agreement, rights and duties of partners, interrelationship between partners and third parties, dissolution of partnership.

This Course is Designed to Sensitize Students to the Basic Nature of Marketing and the Marketing Concept; The Organization Consequences of Adopting the Marketing Concept and Relevance of the External Environments to Marketing Decision; Coverage Includes Definitions, Concept Evolution, Role and Important of Marketing; The Marketing System Market Analysis Covering the Marketing Environment, Buyer Behavior, Market Segmentation, Measurement and Forecasting, Marketing Research; The Marketing Mix Covering The Product Concept, Product Development and then Product Life Cycle, Product Classification And Marketing Strategies; Selling, Pricing, Management of the Channels of Distribution, Public Relations and Sales Promotion, Marketing of Professional Services, Appraising the Marketing Effort.

Rudiments of Communication: Communication Defined, Elements of Communication, Principles of Communication; Oral, Written and Nonverbal Communication: Language Defined, Non-verbal communication, Listening, Oral and written Communication; Functions and settings of Communication: Functions of Communication, Communication setting; Communication Theories and Models: Linear Model, Interactional Model, Transactional Model etc.
Writing and Communication Methods: Writing Defined, stages of Writing, other Aspects of the Writing Process, Corporate and Public Communications, Commercial Communication Method and Letter Writing.
Process of Meetings, Conferences, Seminars, Symposium and Debates: Meeting Defined, Conduct, Procedures, Aims and Benefits/Disadvantages of Meetings. Written Rules Affecting Meetings, Conference, Seminar, Symposium and Debates.
Uses of Words, Sentences and Figurative Expressions, Words and their Meanings, Synonyms and Antonym Dynamism in Words, and Predication, Suffixation, Sentences/Figurative Expression. Reports and Handover notes: Types of Reports, Components of Reports and Handover Notes.
Organization communication: The concept of organizational communication, Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Organizational Communication. Types of organizational Communication. Public Relations and Marketing Communication.

The Course Is designed to introduce students to the Use of Statistical Tools in Business Problem Solving. Course coverage includes; Nature of Statistics, Statistical Enquires, Forms and Designs; the Role of Statistics, Basic Concepts, Discrete and Continuous Variables; Functional Relationship. Source of Data: Methods of Collecting Primary Data, Presentation of Statistical Data, Measures of Central Tendency; Measure of Dispersion, Moments, Skewness, and Kurtosis

The course covers the essentials of Price theory, the various elasticity’s of demand, supply and income. Theory of consumer behavior, Theories of production and cost are also covered.

The course focuses on the major aspects of macroeconomics with special reference to the developing economies general and Nigeria in particular. The topics include national income accounting, circular flow of income and expender including savings, investment, consumption and the multiplier effects, the classical, Keynesian & monetarist systems.

Basic Concepts in peace studies and conflict resolution, Peace as vehicle of unity and development, Conflict issues, Types of conflict, e.g. Ethnic/religious/political/economic conflicts, Root causes of conflicts and violence in Africa, Indigene/settler phenomenon, Peace – building, Management of conflict and security. Elements of peace studiesandconflict resolution, developing a culture of peace, Peace mediation and peace-keeping, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Dialogue/arbitration in conflict resolution, Role of international organizations in conflict resolution, e.g. ECOWAS, African Union, United Nations, etc.

Effective communication and writing in English, Language skills, writing of essay answers, Comprehension, Sentence construction, Outlines and paragraphs, Collection and organization of materials and logical presentation, Punctuation etc.

Departmental account, farmers account, solicitors account, estate agents account, lease transactions, branch accounts (local branches), hire purchase, voyage accounts, royalties account, insurance accounts, contract accounts, container accounts, accounts of professionals, joint venture account, accounting for unit trusts, cooperative societies, trustees and stock brokers, Accounting for goods on sale or return (ATSWA), principles of small and medium sized entities-s guideline on accounting .

Examination of topics covered in Financial Accounting I&II on a weekly basis. Examinations are divided into two parts of 50% each. Part A is MCQ, subjective and short-answer questions, which will examine the theoretical aspects of topics covered during a particular week, Part B will involve two quantitative questions of 25 marks each. Workshops are expected to commence two weeks after resumption and end at least two weeks before the semester examination commences. A total of at least 10 workshops are supposed to be conducted, grading system of the workshop: an average of a student’s best seven workshops in a semester is used to assess the student’s performance. The teacher is expected to submit the mark sheet and working papers by the end of every semester.

Introduction to costing – A review of history, principles and objectives (in terms of users) of Cost Accounting (Information). Preparation and presentation of Cost Accounting information for various users and levels of management as well as various types of businesses; definition of cost accounting and related terms; nature, purpose and scope of cost accounting; value of cost information (financial and non-financial) in management decision-making process; impact of information technology on the generation, evaluation and presentation of cost information; differences between costing accounting and financial accounting; and designing a cost accounting system.

Carriage of goods, sales of goods, negotiable instrument, provisions of bank and other financial institution Act 1991, Bills of Exchange Act 1990 with reference to definition and essentials of valid bill, acceptance and delivery of bills negotiation and negotiability, duties of the holder and liability of parties, discharge of a bill, cheques and other bills crossed cheques, promissory notes, hire purchase and instalment credit transactions, nature of the purchase contract, distinction between Hire Purchase and Instalment credits rights.

Building on BUS 1303, The Course Examines Further Statistical Tools and Techniques. Topic Covered Include Elementary Probability Distribution; Normal, Binomial, Poisson and Hyper Geometric Distribution, Elementary Sampling Theory, Estimation Theory; Students Distribution, Statistical Decision Theory, Test of Hypothesis for Small and Large Sample, Chi-Square Distribution and Test of Goodness of Fits; Linear Regression, Correlation Theory; Index Numbers, Time Series and Analysis of Time Series.

This is the continuation of Microeconomics I. It covers various market organizations/structures such as perfect competition, monopoly etc including Theory of comparative costs. The course also covers Resource allocation in Product and Factor markets as well as Partial and General Equilibrium analyses.

This course is an extension of Macroeconomics I. It focuses on domestic economic stabilization, consumption theories, monetary and fiscal policies, price control & inflation, elements of money and banking and issues in international trade and finance.

Man – his origin and nature, Man and his cosmic environment, Scientific methodology, Science and technology in the society and service of man, Renewable and non-renewable resources – man and his energy resources, Environmental effects of chemical plastics. Textiles, Wastes and other material, Chemical and radiochemical hazards. Introduction to the various areas of science and technology. Elements of environmental studies.

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new venture creation; Entrepreneurship in theory and practice; The opportunity, Forms of business, Staffing, Marketing and the new venture Determining capital requirements, Raising capital; Financial planning and management; Starting a new business, Feasibility studies; Innovation; Legal Issues; Insurance and environmental considerations. Possible business opportunities in Nigeria.

To sensitize students on the application of proper accounting principles in the preparation of accounts of fixed assets, receivable, cash etc. Consignments with respect to foreign transactions, branch account including foreign branches, investments; long term and short term investment accounting, in-depth treatment of the determination of the acquisition cost of tangible fixed assets, depreciation and maintenance of tangible fixed assets, retirement and control of tangible fixed assets, revaluation of tangible fixed asset. In-depth treatment of the determination of the acquisition cost of intangible fixed assets such as patents, trademarks, goodwill etc. Amortization, revaluation of intangible fixed assets.
The management and control of: receivable: bills of exchange and promissory notes, cash and marketable securities. Advanced partnership: dissolution and conversion of partnership to Limited Liability Company.

Introduction to performance measurement: Budgeting and budgetary control (approaches to budgeting; types of budgets; meaning and objectives of budgetary control; Preparation of master budget, Budgetary controls, behavioral aspect of budgeting); standard costing technique (types and bases of setting standards; methods of determining standard cost and uses of standard cost information; basic materials, labour, overhead and sales variances; and computation of standard ratios – activity, capacity, and efficiency ratios; Behavioral aspects of standard costing; criticisms of standard costing), various stock policies and stock control systems techniques including inventory models such as Economic Order quantity and just in time, implication of inventory control for the financial manager.

The methodology of accounting theory: deductive, programmatic, ethnic behavioral and communication approaches. A brief history of the development accounting theory. Development of Accounting Standard: International Accounting Standard (IAS), Statement of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAP), Statement of Accounting Standard, (SAS) etc.
The measurement of periodic: the net assets approach. The capital maintenance approach, the transactions approach, recognition of revenue and expenses, stock valuation and cost of goods sold. Depreciation of fixed assets, extra ordinary gains and losses. The current operation and all-inclusive or clean surplus concept. The balance sheet: the valuation of assets and methods of accounting for it. Business methods of accountability in a changing society; the consumer protection, ecology, egalitarian and public interest movements. Human resource accounting, problems of segmental accounting, comparability and the role of accounting standards including International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Building on the understanding of the role of Systems, Data, Information, business process and Accounting Information Systems (AIS).

The course is designed to teach economics and its application in Accounting also to expose them to managerial economic and account decision making. Both and quantitative knowledge of managerial economics should be explored to meet accounting needs.

The nature and types of companies, formation of companies, memorandum and articles of association, registration and legal effects, the nature and advantages of corporate personality distinction between companies and partnership, prospectus, shares, share capital, debenture and allotment of shares, members and meeting; member meetings and resolutions; members, directors, secretary and secretarial practices, statutory books and returns, annual returns, accounts, audit and inspection, profit available for distribution, payment of dividends, holding, subsidiary companies and minorities, reconstruction and Amalgamation, winding up: powers and duties of liquidators and receivers, acquisitions, mergers and takeover bids.

Operation research, introduction to operational research, linear programming. Network analysis, replacement analysis: meaning and purpose, replacement of items that wear suddenly, transportation model, queuing model, assignment model, markov process, simulation and decision theory (maxmaxima, maximin, minimax, etc.)

Financial investigation, understanding the nature of fraud and fraud examination: occupational fraud and abuse, corporate governance and ethical issues, enterprise risk management, analysis of accounting data economic damages, insolvency, securities fraud, computer forensic and professional negligence.

Concepts of Theory in the Physical and Social Sciences. Levels of Theory. The Features of Theory in Management. Links Between Management Theories and Management Models. Practice of Management Conduct as a Test of Good Management Theory. Existing Difficulties of Developing Useful Management Theories in Nigeria and other Developing Countries. Theories of Management, e.g. The Scientific Management Movement, The Human Relations Movement, The Systems Movement, and The Managerial Behavioural Movement, Theory X and Theory Y. The Grid Approach, Participative Models. Management by Objectives, Quantitative and Behavioural Control Models, Testing Specific Theories and Models in Nigeria. Criteria for Locating Bad Management Practices, and Ideas of How Better Management Theories May be Introduced to Particular Nigerian Organizations.

To sensitize students on the legal backing of financial accounting: Nature of limited liability companies; raising capital, statutory books and records, in-depth treatment of shareholders’ equity variety of share ownership, accounting records relating to share capital; application monies collected, calls etc. right issues, distributable profits and reserves, treatment of liabilities; current liabilities, nature, problems of management and control liabilities including valuation, contingent liabilities: valuation of long term liabilities, preparation of financial statement, single step and multiple step income statement, correction of adjustments of prior periods, preparation of published financial statements highlighting the treatment of pre and post-incorporation items. Companies and Allied Matters, Act, 1990. Accounts of Bank and other Financial Institutions and the Act establishing them. 1991.

Introduction to performance measurement: Budgeting and budgetary control (approaches to budgeting; types of budgets; meaning and objectives of budgetary control; Preparation of master budget, Budgetary controls, behavioral aspect of budgeting); standard costing technique (types and bases of setting standards; methods of determining standard cost and uses of standard cost information; basic materials, labour, overhead and sales variances; and computation of standard ratios – activity, capacity, and efficiency ratios; Behavioral aspects of standard costing; criticisms of standard costing), various stock policies and stock control systems techniques including inventory models such as Economic Order quantity and just in time, implication of inventory control for the financial manager.

Introduction to Taxation Definition, objectives and purposes of Taxation. Types of taxes and tax system. Basic Concepts in taxation: Tax base, tax yield, tax rate, tax incidence, Tax burden, tax impact, tax shift, tax effect. Distinguish between tax and other levies. Principles/Canons of Taxation. Sources of the tax laws.
Tax Administration in Nigeria Roles, functions, compositions and powers of: Joint Tax Board, State Board of Internal Revenue, Federal Inland Revenue Service and its management board, Technical committees, Joint State Revenue Committee, Local Government Revenue Committee, Tax Appeal Tribunal.
Assessments and Objections, Appeal and Remittances Types of Assessments. Registration and Filing of Returns: Requirements, process, returns, due dates and penalties, pre-operational levy. Tax objection and appeals procedures. Tax Clearance Certificate. Distinction between tax avoidance and tax evasion.

Introduction to public sector accounting, purpose, users, uses, legal basis of government accounting, basis of government accounting, advantages and disadvantages, comparison of government accounting with commercial accounting, difference between Public and Private sector organisations, principal officers in the public sector and their duties: accountant general of the federation, powers, functions auditor general of the federation and his duties; accounting officer and his/her functions; sub accounting office and his functions, sources of government revenue, sources and classification of government revenue, federation account: revenue allocation formula; charges from the federation account, federal government account (consolidated revenue fund) charges form the consolidated revenue fund development fund. Government expenditure, authorization through warrants, revenue control, funding principle, expenditure control: Aims of expenditure control, cashbooks in government accounting, the main treasury cashbook, the revenue collectors cashbook, the imprest holders cashbook, cash control, bank reconciliation statement, preparing vote books and transcripts, departmental vote expenditure allocation book, transcripts, self-accounting units, definition, factors that must be in place for such a units to exist, examples, sub self-accounting units, non self-accounting units, preparation of the Treasury Final Accounts, statement of Assets and Liabilities, statement of Consolidated Revenue Fund, statement of Development Accounting, Public Sector Audit, Appointment, power and functions of the Auditor General of the Federation, State and Local Government, Auditing for compliance with legislative and related authority Role of public accounts committee in the Audit process, internal audit in the public sector. Budgeting in the public sector. Recent developments in the public sector.

Fundamentals and principles of Audit, Development and objectives of audit, Approaches to audit and types of audit. Auditing techniques and their limitations, Audit evidence and documentation. Qualities of the auditor: independence, objectivity, integrity, confidentiality, skill, care and competence. Functions and responsibility of an auditor, threat to auditors’ independence and their resolutions, conflict of interest beneficial shareholding, financial involvement with or in the affairs of a client, personal relationships audit feature etc. Regulatory and Ethical Issues; Scope and terms of engagement of auditors as provided in, companies and Allied Matters Act, 1990, Bank and other financial institution Act, 1991, insurance Act, 2003, professional pronouncements and their applications that is, guidelines and standards of ICAN and other bodies. Working papers. Internal Control: Audit and Control, Scope and purpose of internal audit, relationship between external and internal audits, internal control systems, verification of assets and liabilities, verification principles, verification of current assets, fixed assets; goodwill; patents, trademarks, copyrights, franchise, Management of practice office: professional office and office facilities, quality control, training.

Introduction to corporate finance and functions of a financial manager. Financial objectives within the strategic planning process. Agency theory and its relevance to financial managers. Professional, regulatory and legal framework relevant to financial management including: Stock Exchange requirements, money laundering, and directors’ responsibilities. Role of international financial institutions in financial management. Activities undertaken by treasury managers. Valuation of shares and businesses using Dividend yield, Price earnings ratio, Asset based and net asset based measures, Market value added. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and practical considerations in the valuation of shares. Working capital management: Management of inventories, accounts receivable, accounts payable and cash and cash forecast. Sources of finance: Identify capital requirements of business and assess financing options, short, medium and long term alternatives including Islamic financing. Investment appraisal techniques: Accounting Rate of Return, Payback Period, Net Present Value, Adjusted Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index. Single period and multi-period capital rationing. Multi-period capital rationing to include the formulation of linear programming technique.

Concepts of behaviour, organization, managers, administrators and performance. Individual behavioural processes such as personal systems, self-concept development, interaction styles, Group behavioural processes such as informal structures, norms of work and play, status-based rewards and punishments, leadership, task distribution, and performance appraisal. Theories of organizational behaviour and relevance to Nigeria Behavioural model – building. Exercises in simple models of behaviour observable in Nigerian organizations. Making changes in individuals and groups. Theories of behavioural change. Managing resistance to planned changes. Behaviour modification. Formal work systems.

Introduction to research, meaning and concepts of research, types of research, stages of research; background to the study, problem identification, research questions objectives and hypotheses, significance of the study, scope of the study, study limitations, literature review; conceptual issues, review of empirical studies, theoretical framework, research methodology; research design, study area, types and sources of data, population of the study, sample size and sampling techniques; types of sampling techniques, method of data collection, research instruments; design, adoption, adaptation, development, measurement of data; scaling, unit of analysis.

Business growth and creation

Forensic accounting and fraud management

Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting:The need for a conceptual framework; qualitative characteristics for financial reporting; recognition and measurement; the concept of faithful representation (true and fair view); strength and weaknesses of the framework.
Regulatory Framework for Financial Reporting: Reasons for the existence of a regulatory framework; the standard setting process.

Application of linear programming to Management Accounting; transfer pricing in divisionalized companies, presentation of management information, fundamentals and formats of reporting, feedback information and reaction, decision making techniques, short term profit analysis, measuring costs and benefits, decision making involving dropping a segment, make or buy decision, replacement decisions (more advanced illustrations).

Tax Planning Tax evasion and avoidance, examples and differences. Concept of tax planning and tax mitigation, tax planning activities and strategies. Compare and contrast the tax incentives for manufacturing, agricultural, power plants, export oriented businesses .
Capital Gains Tax (CGT) Concept, scope and administration of CGT. Compute chargeable gain and allowable and disallowable expenditure. Exemptions from CGT. Hire purchase transactions, part disposal, connected persons, consideration aspect, death, asset lost or destroyed, bargains comprising two or more transactions, planning for tax savings.
Companies income tax Tax liability of companies based on Total profit, Minimum Tax, small business and taxation of non-resident companies. Pioneer Legislation: Various pioneer industries and products, the procedure for applying and obtaining pioneer status and how pioneer certificate can be amended, cancellation, information and publication of pioneer certificate. Tax relief period, tax incentives available, application of the commencement and cessation provision to pre and post pioneer businesses, together with the treatment of losses and capital allowance of pioneer period.

Cost of capital. Gearing and Capital Structure. Discounted Cash flow Techniques with Taxation and Inflation. Risk and Uncertainty. Portfolio Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Dividend Policy. Mergers and Acquisitions. Corporate Reconstruction and Reorganisation. Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management; Futures, options and swaps International investment decisions. Emerging issues.

Differentiating ministries, departments and agencies, Accounting for stores, budget preparation, Accounting for impairments, Decision making and planning and control of Public Fund: Application of costing methods in public sector organisations. Final accounts of public sector organisations, accounting for employee benefits, Budgeting processes (IPSAS 24): the Use of Audit Department, Accounting for Local Government, Educational and Health institutions. History and evolution of IPSAS (Meaning, Objective, Scope, Due process, Convergence of IPSAS with IFRS).Detailed studies on IPSAS Reporting. Prospects and challenges of current developments in the public sector of Nigeria.

International dimensions of accounting and control, international business and multinational strategy, International patterns of accounting development, comparative international accounting system and practices, pressures for international accounting harmonization and disclosure, international standards and organizations, multinational management perspectives on information disclosure and regulation: Accounting for multinational organizations, international segmental reporting, comparison and full discussion of selected generally accepted accounting principles (GAAPs) of United Kingdom, United States of America, International Accounting Standards and Nigerian Statements of Accounting Standards in preparation and interpretation of financial statements. Inflation accounting application to multinational organization financial statements. Accounting for foreign exchange derivative, translation of foreign currency of financial statements. International disclosure trends and financial analysis, product costing and transfer pricing, international taxation, external auditing of foreign operations, global accounting issues into the 21st century.

Preparing the statement of problem for a research project; Levels of measurement – categorical, ordinal, interval and ratio. The relationship between the levels of measurement and the methods of statistical analyses to be employed. Levels of analysis – individual, sub-unit, organizational, intra organizational.

Audit planning and control, a development of audit strategy; determination and uses of quantitative and qualitative materiality consideration, multiple locations and consolidation organizations consideration, determination of audit risks, inherent risk, control risks, detection risks, execution of audit strategy, documentation and assessment of control system, nature, extent and timing of audit procedures, organizing audit working papers and working with, specialist report. Management of audit practice, organization and conduct of professional office, office and office facilities, partners relationship, staff management, quality control, training, standards for assurance engagement, definition and underlying concept of assurance engagement fees, tendering, engagement letters, and consultation.

Reporting Financial Performance of Entities:Performance reporting; non-current assets; financial instruments; segment reporting; employee benefits and pension funds account; income taxes, events after reporting; related parties; share-based payment; reporting requirements of Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs), underwriters account.
Financial Statements of Group of Entities:Group Accounting- Basic group structure: subsidiary and associate, consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of profit and loss, statement of cash flows, continuing and discontinued interests, changes in group structures, foreign transactions and entities.

Elements of decision Analysis; type of decision situations; operational research to decision analysis, systems and system analysis; modelling in; cases for OR analysis, methematical programing;conflict analysis and game theory, project management, other OR models; inventory, replacement, line balancing, routing and sequence and search. Dynamics of strategy; conceptual frameworks; models for the analysis of competitve situations; rudiments of strategic management.
Corporate strategy relating to the enviroment; opportunities and constraints facing organizations – execution and evaluation of decision; corporation and society; corporation and government; innovations in strategic management and case studies and analysis.

Information System: A recap of the meaning and qualities of information; Types of Information to an organization; meaning of information system; business perspective of information system; advantages and disadvantages of information system.
Types of Information System: Transaction Processing System; Management Information System; Decision Support System; Executive Support System. Information Technology: Meaning of information technology; The Internet and the World Wide Web; Impact of Information Technology on Management Information System.
Database Management Systems: Types of database management system; components of database management system; advantages and disadvantages of database management systems to a business entity.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):Introduction to ERP system; ERP and e-commerce; ERP Architecture; ERP need analysis, ERP Implementation, life cycle and maintenance.

Introduction- History and origin of petroleum and understand the specialised nature of oil and gas exploration and production activities. The regulatory framework and accounting standards in the oil and gas industry. The legal and contractual arrangements in the upstream sector of the oil and gas operations. The phases of upstream and downstream oil and gas operations. The accounting principles, practice and procedures to the phases and contractual agreements of oil and gas operations-Successful costs and full costs methods of accounting for oil and gas upstream activities. Accounting for oil and gas reserves estimation and reporting. Methods for disposition of capitalised costs-Depreciation, depletion and amortisation (DDA). The procedures of accounting for assets impairment and abandonment and decommissioning. Accounting for revenue from oil and gas sales. The analysis of oil and gas companies’ financial statements. History and developments of the Nigerian oil and gas operations and its impact on government budget financing. Recent development in the oil and gas sector and geopolitics of oil and gas. Research data sources in oil and gas accounting.

Nigerian system of income tax administration, structure and procedures, returns, assessments, appeal, postponement, collection, with references to all necessary legislation. Distinction between the taxation of income and taxation of capital personal income tax. The law and practice of income tax relating to individual exemptions, settlements, trust and estates. Partnership assessment, treatment of losses. Computation of assessable income, commencement and cessation of trade or business. Company tax, the principles and scope of company tax, the small company provision including definition and exemption.

The scope of Governance, Agency relationship, Board of directors, Directors and their remuneration, Different Approaches to corporate governance including public sector governance, Governance and reporting, social responsibility.

Strategic Positions: - the need for, and purpose of, strategic and business analysis. Environmental issues affecting the strategic position of, and future outlook for, an organization. Competitive forces affecting an organization. Marketing and the value of goods and services. The internal resources, capabilities and competences of an organization. The expectations of stakeholders and the influence of ethics and culture financial statements analysis, financial data analysis, operational and strategic analysis, business and process change, project management decisions.
Strategic choices: -The influence of corporate strategy on an organization. Alternative approaches to achieving competitive advantage. Alternative directions and methods of development.
Strategic action: - Organizing and enabling success. Managing strategic change. Understanding strategy development.
Business and process change: - Business change. The role of process and process change initiatives. Improving the processes of the organization. Software solutions.

Every final year student is expected to undertake a research project under the supervision of a lecturer. Students are expected to commence their final year research project from the first semester of 400 level. The project is assessed by the supervisor, HOD and external examiner.

Entrepreneurship study